Why is it important to ensure a pump is not under-pressurized during operation?

Ensuring that a pump is not under-pressurized during operation is critical for the proper functioning of the pump system. When a pump operates under insufficient pressure, it can lead to various issues that may compromise its performance and reliability. For instance, under-pressurization can create conditions that lead to cavitation, where vapor pockets form within the pump, potentially causing damage to the impeller and other internal components. This malfunction can result in reduced flow rates, increased wear and tear, and ultimately, pump failure. Therefore, maintaining the correct pressure levels is essential for the pump to operate efficiently and effectively, avoiding operational setbacks and costly repairs.

While the other options touch on important aspects of pump operation, they do not specifically address the immediate impact of under-pressurization. Fuel efficiency, overheating, and lifespan relate more to the overall performance and maintenance of the pump, but the primary concern with under-pressurization is the risk of malfunction, making it a critical factor to monitor during operation.